Definition:

Anemia is a lower than normal number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood, usually measured by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the red pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

There are many types and potential causes of anemia.

Symptoms:

Possible symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Chest pain - angina
• Shortness of breath

Signs and tests:

The doctor will perform a physical examination. He or she will look for the presence of a pale complexion and rapid heart rate.

Anemia can be confirmed by a red blood count or hemoglobin level. Other tests depend on the type of anemia.

Treatment:

Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia. In some cases, blood transfusions and the medication erythropoeitin will correct anemia.

Expectations (prognosis):

The outlook depends on the cause.

Complications:

Severe anemia can cause low oxygen levels in vital organs such as the heart and can lead to heart attack.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health provider if you have any of the symptoms of anemia or any unusual bleeding.

Healthcentral 2005

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